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An electric arc furnace is used to melt scrap steel. In certain cases liquid pig iron, direct reduced iron or pellets may be charged as well. Alloying elements can be added at the beginning or during the smelting process. On the one hand, the specific heat transfer can be obtained by using an alternating current (AC-Furnace) via three SiC-electrodes through the roof of the furnace. In this case an electric arc moves over the surface of the steel bath. Alternatively, the transfer can be arranged by direct current (DC-Furnace). The electric arc reaches from top to the bottom - a SiC-electrode placed on the roof sends the electricity to the second electrode in the bottom. In this case the electric arc runs though the steel bath. In an AC-Furnace the smelting process is rather turbulent whereas in a DC-Furnace the smelting is quiet and smooth.
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